What constitutes a legitimate interest under the LGPD (Brazilian General Data Protection Law)?

The legal basis that allows the processing of data for legitimate purposes of the controller, provided that the rights of the data subject do not prevail.

Definition

Legitimate interest is the legal basis that authorizes the processing of personal data to meet the legitimate interests of the controller or a third party, when these interests do not prevail over the fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject.

It is the most flexible and most demanding basis in terms of documentation: it is up to the controller to demonstrate, through the assessment of legitimate interest (LIA), that the treatment is necessary, expected by the data subject and accompanied by safeguards.

What does the LGPD say?

Article 7, IX, of LGPD Article 10 establishes the basis for data processing and sets the conditions: legitimate purposes, specific situations, support and promotion of the controller's activities, protection of the regular exercise of the data subject's rights, processing only of strictly necessary data, and transparency. The ANPD (National Data Protection Authority) may request an impact assessment report when the processing is based on legitimate interest (Article 10, § 3), and Article 37 highlights the registration of these operations. Legitimate interest does not apply to sensitive data.

In practice

  • Perform the test in four stages: purpose, necessity, balance, and safeguards.
  • Assess the owner's expectations: would they have anticipated this usage?
  • Offer an objection: the data subject may object to the processing (art. 18, § 2).
  • Revise the LIA when the purpose or context changes.

How Privacy Tools it deals with the topic

Os Diagnoses and Assessments They bring the LIA model, linked to the treatment activity registered in Data Mapping, with a history of versions and approvals.

Related terms

LIA · Legal base · RIPD · Consent · Back to glossary

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Platform screen Privacy ToolsList of treatment activities in Data Mapping